Adequate Intake (AI) - the amount of nutrients that sustains
a defined nutritional status, for example growth rate, normal circulating nutrient values, or other functional indicators of good health.
Didrex - an anorectic that works by stimulating the nervous system.
Urine Testing - an examination of urine in order to identify whether it contains glucose (sugar) and ketones. Reagents (special strips of paper or tablets) are placed in a small amount of the urine sample or a solution of urine and water. Color changes in the strip or tablet indicate the quantity of glucose (sugar) or ketone byproducts in the urine sample. Urine testing (also referred to as `urinalysis`) is the only means to determine if ketones are present, a sign of serious medical complications.
Food Idiosyncrasy - a non-allergic reaction to foodstuffs or to a food component that is the result of unknown causes. Abs - this is the collective term used to describe the muscles at the area around the abdomen underneath the chest. These muscles are part of the `core` and, if not toned, contribute to discomfort in the lower back.
Lysine - an indispensable, elementary amino acid derived from several proteins by hydrolysis (the chemical reaction that uses water to break down a compound).
Anorectic Drugs - a class of pharmaceuticals specifically designed to inhibit the sensation of hunger and are consequently prescribed to and used by people who are dangerously overweight or obese.
Soy Protein - the protein nutrients found in soybeans and soy-based food products which, if ingested in amounts of 25 grams per day, might decrease the risk of heart disease.
Hemoglobin - the iron-containing protein pigment in the red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues.
RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) - the degree of exertion individuals think (through physical sensations) they are expending during any physical exercise (including increased heart rate, increased respiration or breathing rate, increased sweating, and muscle fatigue). The Borg scale is a scoring system, which helps individuals describe how hard they feel they are working by assigning a numeric value from 6 right up to 20. Numbers that are lower down on the scale signify a modest level of effort, and higher numbers denote that the body is putting in a higher level of exertion.
Obesity Surgery Center - a medical institution specializing in obesity-related surgery and follow-up care.
Aerobic Exercise - refers to the kind of brisk, sustained exercising of important muscle groups, that makes one breathe vigorously and pushes one`s heart and lungs to operate under greater demands for a period of over 20 minutes. It conditions the heart and lungs by increasing the efficiency of the body`s oxygen use and, in due course, yields beneficial changes in the respiratory and circulatory systems. Examples of aerobic exercise include brisk walking, going for a swim, stair climbing, and bike riding.
Bias - a flaw in the study design of clinical trials that could lead to incorrect conclusions about what the study or trial demonstrated. One such example is Selection Bias, which occurs when the individuals or groups who take part in a study are selected in a way that can erroneously cause measures of statistical significance to appear much stronger or much weaker than they really are. Selection bias may occur when control and study groups are made up of differing populations.
Maximal Oxygen Uptake - the maximum amount of oxygen an individual is able to use up for each minute of physical activity at sea level. This value, called `VO2 max`, is frequently used to gauge an athlete`s cardiovascular efficiency. Athletes have a higher maximal oxygen uptake than people without regular endurance training, resulting in increased power and better functioning when exercising.
Crustacean - any of the various aquatic arthropods, including crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and barnacles. They characteristically have segmented bodies, crusty exoskeletons and paired, jointed limbs.
Asymptomatic - producing or showing no symptoms of any disease.
Meridia - a drug used in the treatment of obesity, which curtails appetite by impeding the re-uptake of applicable hormones.
Basal Metabolism - the calories burned for essential bodily functions when the body is in a resting state. Basal metabolism is inter-related to an individual`s muscle mass (metabolically active tissue as opposed to fat deposits alone).
Overweight - describes the condition of having surplus weight for an individual`s height or weighing too much for one`s age or build. The Federal Obesity Clinical Guidelines published by the NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) characterize overweight as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25-29.9 kg/m2 for men and women. Body weight includes fat, muscle, bone, and body water (BMI does not measure body fat and muscle mass). Overweight does not always signify having too much fat. Above-average body weight might be due to a greater-than-normal proportion of muscle, not fatty tissue.
Exchange Plan - planning which foodstuffs you intend to eat at breakfast, lunch, and dinner on the basis of exchanges, not specific menus. Lipoprotein - compounds of fat and protein that carry fatty substances, such as cholesterol, in the bloodstream.
Enzyme - protein molecules that catalyze or facilitate a specific chemical reaction. Enzymes facilitate and speed up specific chemical reactions in the body. Biopesticide - any matter that occurs naturally and is utilized to protect crops from pest infestations, which is a product or byproduct of living organisms, for instance bacteria or animal / plant cells.
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